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U.S. steps to World War I


 * 1) Trade with Britain was very important to american economy.
 * 2) Lusitania is sunk by German U-Boats, killing 128 americans and Roosevelt called it "an act of piracy".[[image:article-1098904-02DBC25F000005DC-730_468x286.jpg]]
 * 3) Wilson remained as a pacifist until the election of 1916 where he was elected during a time a growing tension between the U.S. and Germany.[[image:wilson.jpg]]
 * 4) Zimmerman note where the British intercepted a telegram from German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman which said that in case of war with the americans the mexicans would join germany in return for their "lost provinces"(texas).
 * 5) Congress votes to declare war with Germany.[[image:ts.jpg width="231" height="157"]]
 * 6) United States enter Britain in 1917 to offer aid to their European allies.[[image:_45161765_16ba128f-dff7-45f8-bd1b-e559ecb640a0.jpg]]



Post War America 1919-1921

 * 100,000 businesses went bankrupt
 * Nearly 5 million Americans lost their jobs
 * 453,000 farmers lost all their land and went bankrupt
 * Boston Police strike increases violance and looting
 * Riots against African Americans occur in Chicago, St. louis and New York
 * African American and women occupy jobs previously held by whites who entered the war
 * The red scare as Soviet Union expands into a communist nation which attempts to spread communism.
 * Economic problems
 * Labor unrest
 * Racial tension
 * Intense anti-radicalism

Chapter 24 "The New Era" - "The Roaring 20s"

 * Affluence - wealth and prosperity
 * Conservatisim - valuing the status quo and tradtion not wanting change
 * Cultural frivolity - spending, leisure, socializing
 * the 1920s has much social contrast including tension between conservatism and change or experamentation.
 * Social economic and political change
 * Many economic advances due to the creation of many new technologies such as the radio and computers.
 * KKK reaches peak membership and struggles to prevent change with african americans.
 * Transportation is going to boom and faster ways of getting places will take a drastic upturn.
 * Women moving away from being domesticized with the uprising in birth control and changing ideas of motherhood believing that women deserved more then just to be a housewife and mother.

The Cinema

 * American hollywood produced 700 movies per year in 1920 which was more then 10x the next highest country
 * soviet union attemtped to "combat" mickey mouse with a cartoon of it's own (a porcupine showing socialist views)
 * Americans dominate film world however india and other countries exceed in it as well.
 * Hollywood though based in america is in reality a global community of actors directors etc.
 * Spread culture around the world
 * major cultural export

Dance Halls

 * saught to relieve tension and bring excitement to the dance floor
 * radio was usefull in broadcasting music
 * majority was youth
 * danced to jazz
 * last resort underage and when bars were closed dance halls were popular
 * social aspect of the 20s
 * would go to show off new clothes and styles.
 * Jazz was defined by solo improvisation.
 * Dance halls embodied a new trend of individuality and fashion.
 * segregated dance halls

Herbert Hoover

 * In 1928 Economy is great innaugurated in 1929 economy still booming
 * Associalationism - wanted businesses to work together
 * Had a reputation for being an economic expert as he was the Secretary of Commerce
 * Believed in Laissez Faire capitalism - minimal government interferance in the economy

Chapter 24 Top 10 Key Terms

 * "Welfaire Capitalism"** - Gave people better wages, conditions and pensions for retirement.
 * "Consumerism" -** Led to a very large consumption of american products. American culture has come to leisure activity and needed more goods to satisfy their needs
 * "Hollywood"** - American culture spreads globally.
 * "Flapper"** - New woman of the 1920s, Made women more attractive and believed that women were more then just mothers and housewives.
 * "Self-Made Man"** - The idea of the self made man or wealthy succesful man who did it all on nothing but hard work and a few skills is starting to decline.



Causes of the dowturn

 * 1) Overproduction - overexpansion - too much supply
 * 2) declining exports - low demand for U.S. goods overseas
 * 3) too much borrowing - especially farmers
 * 4) shaky banking system - risky, unregulated
 * 5) global debt structure - result of WWI
 * 6) too much economic focus on only a few industries - economy was dependent on a few industries - automobiles and construction
 * 7) a small % of americans controlled a high % of the $
 * 8) overspeculation on stocks - risky amounts - too much stock gambling
 * 9) stock market crash

Steps to making a downturn into a Depression

 * 1) Bank Failures
 * 2) Layoffs
 * 3) Lack of money circulating throughout

How does a depressed economy recover?

 * 1) consumer spending starts again
 * 2) new jobs are created
 * 3) return to Healthy loan system

Specific actions taken by Hoover's Government to fight the depression

 * Voluntarism failure.
 * Attempted to use government spending as a tool to increase funding for jobs. And wanted to increase spending by $423 million.
 * local and state governments to fund construction it wasn't enough to counteract the devastation
 * Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - helped provide a few jobs and created loans for struggling businesses. Government money put into the economy, however they sat on most of the money and Hoover insisted that only products that would pay for themselves would be built with these funds. Limited and ineffective.
 * Public Works projects.
 * Agricultural marketing act. - the government spends money to buy surpluss of crops
 * Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 - increased protection on farm products - european nations responded with similar tariffs and global trade slows down even more


 * Hoover will not win reelection but is further ensured by the demise of the bonus army, farmer's holiday and the emergance of FDR.
 * Hoover Hotel - Carboard shack
 * Hooverville - Collection of cardboard shacks
 * Hoover Flag - Empty pocket turned inside out

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Legacies of the New Deal

 * Social Security and other programs still around today.
 * changed the role of the federal government in the economy
 * created new jobs including public works.
 * Gave new guidlines for the government to follow in terms of the economy.