Unit+2

Chapter 6
- Constitution is written Bill of rights is added to protect people's rights - Federalists vs Antifederalists - Political parties begin to appear (Federalists, Republicans) Political parties attempt to influence people's votes - Hamilton's program 1. Creation of national bank 2. Taxes 3. Selling bonds - Hamilton was supposedly smartest man of his time he was the first secretary of the treasury. Meaning it was his job to set up economical plans. Leader of the Federalist party - Hamiltons believed in, business, banks, elites, - Hamilton's plan adds to the centralization of powers. - National bank has no mention inside the Constitution.

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Marbury Vs. Madison

 * **Judiciary Act**: Allowed surpreme court to create decisions. However, it was not the courts job to see if the insitution matchs up with Consitution.
 * It required all 3 Branches, executive, judicial, and legislative branches to pass laws.
 * **Judicial Review** can take out laws that did not make sense.
 * Determine whether each branch has a exact role as to what they need to do in order to balance out power.
 * **John Adams** was a appointed Federalist's to office to set up the next presidency to have Federalists and Republicans.
 * **Marbury** wanted government job, but when Jeffereson entered office, **Madison** wanted to not appoint anyone, therefore **Marbury** sued **Madison** and took it to the Surpreme Court case.
 * **Marbury** won but his promise wasn't kept due to political contracts



Republicanism, Jefferson's Presidency.

 * Federalists of New England discussed ideas of creating their own nation and ceceding.
 * Shows that there was lots of division and much dissagreement. Stuggles for political power

Constitution

 * wanted to avoid a tyranny so created checks and balances.
 * aimed to make sure power was balanced throughout government
 * representitive government.
 * didn't do anything about slavery.
 * Bill of rights helped ensure individual freedoms and rights.
 * constitution can be changed or ammended.
 * 10th ammendment states that anything not stated by the constiton to be controlled by federal government would be controlled by states. ex slaves
 * Federal law overrules state law.
 * to avoid corruption impeachment can occur. the constitution states rules and regulations for office holders.

Federalism

 * strong central government as well as powerful state and city governments.

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Constitution Project
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The expanding electorate

 * all white males had control of the voting.
 * wanted to make moving to the west more appealing.
 * state constitutions changed (passing new laws aboout who could vote)
 * west was much more progressive and liberal due to the fact that it was all new to them. North and south remained more traditional.
 * new voters elected Jackson therefore Jackson got much of the credit for these changes.
 * Jackson was a symbol of the people known as the president for the people because he believed in protecting opportunity for people.

Indians in Jacksonian Era

 * indians kicked out of their land
 * pushed west into present day oklahoma
 * some indian tribes were able to fight back and maintain their presence in florida. (seminoles)
 * in the beginning the natives were thought of as noble savages, but could be turned into a traditional person such as the whites. but were then thought of as plain savages. believed they could be americanized until the continued resistance they thought of them as lesser beings (uncivilizable).
 * but in reality the indians had land that the americans wanted.

Jacksonian America (Key elements)

 * Believed in equal opportunities for everyone (legally everyone can vote) and represented and promoted a democratic government. symbol of economic and political equality for all white males.
 * through the indian removal act he pushed out indians further west in order to produce more land for americans to use for their own.
 * through the spoils system was created to make the president commander of his cabinet for whatever reasons he wants. Probably to take care of his supporters.
 * Centralized powers among social classes and crushed the idea of nullification and upheld the supremecy clause of the constitution.
 * Jackson greatly weakened the bank of the U.S and decentralized economic power known as his "war against the bank"
 * The emergance of the whig party favored industrial development and financial interests. feared rapid growth as it would lead to destabilization.

Capitalism in America

 * Capitalism is based closely with the idea of Social Darwinism. One is able to climb the economic ladder with both hard work and a collection of skills. If someone does not have these skill or doesnt put forth effort they will be lleft behind and are not able to climb the economic ladder. However america is not 100% capitalist as capitalism focuses solely on economic advances and putting control in the hands of the wealthy business owners. The U.S. also puts stock in the belief of having a strong political government. Also american government has a say about how these busisnesses are to be run.


 * Captialism is an economic system means of production = capital = $ and goods (machinery, recources) means of production are controlled by individuals and small groups(pricate businesses) as opposed to the government.
 * *when the means of production are controlled by the government = communism*
 * capitalism favors whoever is succesful and controls the money. Owners prosper and run the system the workers just work. (class based system)
 * success is in your own hands

INVISIBLE HAND - meaning the government doesnt regulate it and there isnt one person regulating it ( self regulataion) which means that because everyone is attempting to make money and business (supply and demand) it all takes care of itself. through compeptition a capitalisr economy would run smoothly. (this is the theory of capitalism) - LAISSEZ FAIRE - "hands off" economy, free market economy America does not practice pure free-market, laissez faire capitalism - we practice a version of capitalism in which the governent does intervene (food stamps). it is a mixed economy - elements of socialism and elements of capitalism - the government plays a role in the economy through programs such as food stamps, subsidized housing, unemployment benefits, social security, etc...the government also regulates businesses through rules and taxes.

Elements of the Economy
Economy - the management of the resources of a community, country, etc., esp. with a view to its productivity. Anything related to the distribution and production of goods and services in a community.
 * Government - rules, regulates, taxes, welfare programs
 * supply and demand is a huge factor
 * industries and businesses
 * banks
 * workers/unions
 * consumers
 * investors
 * the stock market
 * schools/education