Legislation

U.S. government native american policy
1. Each Indian family head be allotted a 160 acre farm out of reservation lands. 2. Each new land owner who abandoned tribal practices and adopted the "habits of civilized life" would be granted American citizenship. 3. "Surplus" reservation lands would be made available to sell to white settlers. 6. **1924 - Snyder Indian Citizenship Act** - Granted citizenship to Native americans born in the United states 7. **1934 - Wheeler-Howard Indian Reorganization Act** - This act provided the following: 1. Ended land allotments and returned unsold lands to the Indians. 2. Authorized tribes to form corporations and launch businesses. 3. Provided for elected tribal councils with significant powers. This represented a reversal from previous policy and the restoration of tribal power. 8. **1974 - Iroquois Nation vs. The State of New York** - The natives claim that since 1805 they have been using certain land and they sue and win in federal court, this time however the federal government is forced to obey by the claims their treaties. 9. **1980s -** many native americans sue to gain independence (mostly in Connecticut and New York) of tribal reservation land. Indians win these cases and therefore begin to create casinos providing millions of dollars of income for the tribes that own them.
 * 1) **1830 - Indian Removal act** a grant the was signed by Andrew Jackson to take native american land and give them land in the western U.S. this lead to resistance, and some deaths. Federal agents used threats, bribes and liquor to secure Indian consent to one sided treaties. Thousands of natives were relocated some in chains, with a long trip riddled with hunger, disease, and many deaths known as the "trail of tears".
 * 2) **1787 - The Northwest Ordinance** - stated that indians would be treated with the utmost faith and that the land owned by them would never be taken away. However as the settlers expanded they began to push out the indians with protection from the military.
 * 3) **1828 - Cherokee Nation v. Georgia** - In 1828 the Cherokee, a "civilized" tribe who had lived in peace working as farmers, building houses and roads found gold on their land. As a result white settlers moved in and the State of Georgia claimed jurisdiction over the Cherokee. The Cherokee sued claiming that they were independent from Georgia. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee. The victory was short lived, however, as the federal government removed the Indians to Oklahoma due to Andrew Jackson's beliefe that "//John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it//."
 * 4) **1860 - 1890's - Plains Indians Wars -** The american govnerment was attempting to move indians into reservations notable baattles include The //Battle of Little Bighorn// where 250 american soldiers were desimated by over 4500 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors, and the battle at wounded knee where countless native american men, women, and children were slaughtered by american calvalry. Wounded knee was the end of resistance from natives.
 * 5) **1887 - The Dawes act -** this act although made with the best intentions it did not benefit the natives very much. The land provided was crappy and the idea of Americanization was destroying native culture. The act included