Unit+4

The Conquest of the Far West -Region west of the Mississippi river -Land is very diverse, plains, deserts, mountain ranges.

What is the Frontier?
A place with not many cities Empty land awaiting settlement and civilization Land of opportunity The Frontier is more of an idea of an imaginary place that has many recources and oppportunities

Buffalo

 * The buffalo represented the way of life of the plains indians. It was used as food, clothing, shoes, tepees, blankets, robes, and utensils. Buffalo manure provided fuel called "Buffalo Chips", while the bones would be used for tools such as arrows or knives and the tendons were used as strings for bows.

The Railroads

 * Transcontinental railroad expanded past the mississippi river and allowed for faster acces to the american west
 * 90% of labor on railroads were chinese due to the fact that they worked for low wages and didnt complain while also working hard.
 * The railroad allowed for faster trade throughout the country.
 * Extended over 400 miles of track throughout the US

The Chinese

 * represented a large portion of the labor force in the west.
 * established merchant communities with people of the same clan or community called "China Towns"
 * However cheap chinese labor was met with disgust from americans and later led to the Chinese Exclusion act which banned chinese immigration into the country and prevented chinese already in america from becoming citizens.

Myth Vs. Reality

 * Myth || Reality ||
 * # The west was uninhabited
 * 1) Western life was filled with excitement and cowboy lifestyle
 * 2) Rumors of gold and wealth in the west
 * 3) Many believed that western land represented a possibility for a Utopia with empty unoccupied land awaiting settlement. || # The west was vastly populated by native americans and many forms of wildlife
 * 4) In reality farmlife was often very tedious, boring, and lonely. and had few opportunities for advancement.
 * 5) Few people actually attained wealth from the gold rush. Many towns turned into ghost-towns after only a few years
 * 6) Most of the land best for farming was already taken and people began to realize that the land was maybe not a "garden of eden" with endless possibilities. ||

The 2nd Industrial Revolution
Preview In a short period of time the railroad industry will boom and take up a large portion of the united states. The corporations had limited liability which made investment a wise decision and helped smaller businesses begin to grow. Rockefeller and his oil company. Horizontal and vertical integration. Monopolys will become a big issue which will lead to rises in profits and later government interference. Laws against trusts and monopolys. Big industries are going to start to take command and put smaller ones out of business. New ways of running business will be formed.

industry grows due to large labor force and large amount of recources, new inventions, research = HUGE, steel industry grows due to increase in technology.

undustrial economy producing a self made man, social darwinism, poor people were poor because they are lazy and stupid, capitalism, opposition to social darwinism.

Monopolys could benefit or worsen economy, new imports led to more low paid workers. Immigrants were used in many factories, racial discrimination, no minimum wage, age and gender rules required reform, unions began and became effective,

unions attempted to form however were not effective at first due to monopoly's wealth and power.

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The 2nd industrial revolution relates to the topics of social darwinism, inequality, the gospel of wealth, by that social darwinism was becoming a major issue because due to many new opportunities in business which were limiting the equalities of people because the idea of social darwinism supported the idea of a monopoly because the person in charge of the monopoly deserved to be succesful and those who were being limited by them deserved to not be as succesful. This in a way was creating inequality

CH 18 The Age of The City
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Sherman Anti-Trust act

 * Attempted to prevent trusts and monopolys however wasnt very succesful.
 * People were struggling because the bigger corporations were becoming too powerful.
 * Clayton anti-trust act strengthens it in 1914.
 * Was weak because it wasn't enforced.
 * Rockefeller's Standard oil and Northern Securities railroad are both shut down due to the anti trust act.

Mckinley's Tariff
Tariff - tax on imports tariff's promote purchasing of domestic goods.

Interstate Commerce Act

 * Attempted to ensure fair and reasonable prices for railroads.
 * Forced them to advertise their prices so they couldn't give different rates to different people.
 * However was not very strongly enforced.



Chapter 20 - The Imperial Republic
Expanding influence internationally Colonization Anexation Protectorate - looking out for another territory and gaining influence Sphere of Influence The New manifest destiny Imperialism is the belief in or practice of Imperialist one who believes in or practices Industrialized nations exerting influence on nations that have yet to industrialize
 * Imperialism** - The policy of extending a nations influence by gaining more territory, or gaining economic or political power over another region or country.
 * Territorial Expansion -** Us Anexation of Hawaii
 * Political or Economic Influence -** The Venzuelan Dispute

Motivations for Imperialism
- Allies - Foreign Relations - Take over recources - Continue expansion of land - Trade - Military strategic locations - expand sphere of influence - new markets and customers - Spread christianity/democracy - Culturizing/civilizing - Social Darwinism justified all that was happening.

Examples of American Imperialism
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 * Hawaii - recources and location(sugarcane)
 * The iraq war - United states attempting to spread democracy and instill a more stable government/natural resources
 * Phillipine Islands - Coal Mining
 * Nicaraguan Area - to control commercial routes.
 * Anexation of Puerto Rico - Sugar Economy, military
 * The panama canal - made trade and transportation much easier
 * The louisiana purchase - expanded the united states
 * Anexation of Texas - Granted the united states more land

Spanish American War
Who - Spain, USA, Phillipines, Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rica, Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolf Hearst, Roosevelt, President Cleveland, Mckinley, Dupuy de Lome, What - "Splendid little war", spread of american imperialism for spanish territory, yellow journalism created, When - April 25th 1898- August 12 1898 Where - Phillipines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Why - Sympathy for cuban indepedence, imperialism, Sugar economy and other recources.

Thesis of 1781 - 1915
The United States from 1781 - 1915 was a nation governed greatly by the ideas of political and economic expansion by way of industrializing, manifest destiny, democracy and capitalism.

Ivan Yung Throughout the history of the united states, much of it has changed in social and economic factors during the rapid growth of American society. America has become more active in foreign relations, growing from being agricultural based farming to industrial work forces, and building a capitalist economy.

Group Throughout the period of 1781 - 1915 the United States became a country of it's own law and began focusing on political, military and economic expansion with the ideas of manifest destiny, industrialized work forces, democracy, and capitalism. The United States was beginning to become an industrial and political giant and was making a name for itself.

From 1781 to 1915, The United States experienced periods of debate and division, as well as progress and unity, as the country developed its own identity, expanded it's territory, argued over interpretations of the Constitution and the slavery issue, industrialized, and emerged as a growing world power.

From 1781 to 1915, the United States grew and developed into a modern industrial world power in which rich, white males of eauropean descent consistently dominated and subjugated women, African and Native Americans, the working class, and, eventually, the residents of other nations.