Unit+3

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Where Historians Diasagree - The Character of Slavery

 * Belief that slavery was similar to concentration camps with harsh treatments
 * Kind masters were taking care of a lesser person who couldnt provide for themselves.
 * caused damage due to seperation from families
 * celebrating slave culture, and slaves were able to maintain positive things such as culture, community, hope

Chapter 12 Preview

 * America is displays rapid change
 * Romanticism - was the belief that everyone was born good and that everyone had a soul which was good and society was determined to bring that out.
 * Desire for Order and Control
 * many slave concepts reformed
 * abolitionists vs anti-abolitionists
 * women reforms as well
 * Antebellum = before war almost always refering to pre civil war

Temperance Movement

 * moderation or self-restraint in action, statement, etc.; self-control.
 * the movement had a goal to prevent people from drinking in excess.
 * PROHIBITION IS NOT TEMPERANCE
 * ==Pros of Alcohol consumption== || ==Cons of alcohol consumption== ||
 * # Relaxation
 * 1) Feels good
 * 2) Coping with stress
 * 3) Makes people more sociable
 * || # Lapse of judgement
 * 1) Overuse can lead to death
 * 2) Eratic emotions
 * 3) Addictions
 * 4) Kidney failure
 * 5) Waste of money on something not completely necesary. ||

The Reform Era

Expanding Settlement, 1810-1850
Pg 340 - Florida was owned by the spanish - Manifest destiny is causing gradual expansion in the west.Why is the top of of maine blue when it was most likely inhabited by french canadians (who are white)...does the map only show white american settlements?Why was vermont unsettled in some regions while all the surrounding area was settled?

Western Traails in 1860
pg 345 Trails led to major cities in the west coast North western to center of united states was largely unsettled with little trails. railroads were very small and did not cover much ground.

The Oregon Boundary, 1846
pg 347 Shows lands that were disputed between british and americans in what is now oregon. more american ports and forts give americans advantage. outlines mountain ranges of the land

The Mexican War, 1840-1848
pg 349 american dominance over the war as 10/11 battles were won by americans shows the american advance all the way down to mexico city. americans won 100% of the disputed area which is now modern day texas american troops had significantly more movement then the mexican forces who made only 2 small advances. lots of travel over the seas which means american army used much naval force.

Southwestern Expansion 1845-1853
represents the aftermath of the mexican war newly gained american land is still disputed and fought over with mexicans. americans gain LOTS! of land that was previously marked as mexican by the treaty of 1819 disputes continue but with no gain to mexicans and eventually americans buy even more land off of the mexicans in what is called the gadsden purchase.

Slave and free territories under the compromise of 1850
pg 354 47.7% of southern population was slaves. in some states slaves made up more then 50% of population free states outnumbered slave states with such a clear cut seperation civil war it appears is unavoidable popular sovereignty in the utah and new mexico territories (federal government is stepping back and allowing states to decide for themselves) gold rush contributes to unorganized territory in the middle also water leads to the unorganized territory.

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How were geography and geographic locations extremely important during the Civil War?

 * Mississippi river provided a strategic location
 * Southern states had the advantage because it was on their territory
 * New orleans was extremely important as a port and banking city however the union gained control of it severely crippling the south





Perspectives on the civil war and reconstruction

 * Lincoln -** viewed the war as a way to swiftly resolve conflict and preserve the Union. Did not aim to punish the south in any way
 * Grant -** similar to lincoln. he only wanted to end the rebellion instead of destroying the opponent.
 * Lee -** fighting alongside his brethren however he opposed the secession of the southern states but refused to fight against his own people.
 * Johnson -** a way to gain control for southern white men over the south.
 * Radical Republicans -** hostile towards those who seceded, felt that Lincoln and Johnson's plans were too soft on the rebels. Strict standards for rejoining the Union. Reconstruction was the opportunity to implement drastic change in the south.
 * Europeans -** weakened united states
 * Plantation Owners -** war was a way to gain control over the slave dilema and be able to choose for themselves.
 * Slaves -** a chance to end slavery and a time to be equal with whites.

Where Historians Disagree pg 372
- the cause of the civil war was an overall difference in culture for the north and south. - democracy in general because it allowed for too many different points of view to exist. - too many compromises in addition to westward expansion.

Where Historians Disagree pg 418
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Lincoln Video

 * 1) Lincoln's son died of typhoid
 * 2) Lincoln taught himself military strategy in order to prepare for his presidency
 * 3) Often stayed all night at the US telegraph office
 * 4) shifted from perserving the union to ending slavery
 * 5) Lincoln did not have the right to end slavery. however was able to make the proclamation to weaken the south which was in his power as slavery was helping the southern economy and therefore helping the war effort.
 * 6) Lincoln ran for reelection during the war in 1864 however confederates were excluded
 * 7) 2 months before election momentum was gained by the union armies
 * 8) won the election with a 61% vote
 * 9) Lincoln chose Johnson as his running mate even though he was from, the south, owned slaves, and was a democrat.
 * 10) Johnson cared mostly about himself and was stubborn. almost the oppostie of lincoln. a very racist president thought of blacks as savages.
 * 11) Johnson vetos 29 different bills by congress.
 * 12) Congress overturned his vetoes 15 times

CH 15 questions
1) At the conclusion of the Civil War what was in need of reconstruction and/or construction (both literally and figuratively)?
 * southern communities
 * the rights of freed blacks
 * southern economy and political system
 * relationship between states
 * farms and plantations

2)How did the structure of the U.S. government affect Reconstruction (meaning the ways the different branches operate and interact, separation of powers, etc)?
 * Congress and Johnson did not get along which caused most progress to be halted, the branches had conflicting arguments. When johnson would veto 29 bills suggested by congress for the reconstruction of the south and 15 of them were overruled.

Why did Reconstruction end and what were the results of the abandonment of the reconstruction plans?
 * the KKK halted the black's freedom and equality.
 * many civilians didnt want to invest more time into something showing no progress and the reconstruction was taking far too long so reconstruction was abandoned